![]() ![]() Juli Berwald, Discover Magazine, 10 Nov. 2021 Medusas can bud from the underbellies of other medusas. 2023 The ice killed many trees that were just a year or two old, and damaged older ones that were beginning to bud. Chelsey Lewis, Journal Sentinel, 21 Feb. Verb Too warm and the tree starts to bud, turning sap bitter and ending the maple syrup season. Jodi Bay, San Diego Union-Tribune, 11 Feb. 2023 Cut the potatoes into approximately 1-inch pieces with at least one bud per piece. Ian Livingston, Washington Post, 23 Feb. 2023 According to the National Park Service, the green bud stage is underway on the Tidal Basin’s famed cherry trees. 2022 At $170, the Liberty 3 Pros are the most advanced earbuds in the Soundcore lineup, with dual drivers in each bud, active noise cancellation, wireless charging, plus extra conveniences like multipoint and LDAC support. Kara Thompson, Good Housekeeping, 19 Oct. 2022 This is the perfect way to commemorate your furry best bud. Matt Benoit, Discover Magazine, 18 Nov. 2023 This asexual reproduction method, responsible for many commercial nursery trees, makes exact copies of a tree by cutting the bud from one tree and manually inserting it into the rootstock of another. Arricca Elin Sansone, Country Living, 4 Feb. 2023 This shrub is one of the first signs of spring, breaking bud in late winter to early spring. 2023 Peach trees lost virtually every bud in the recent cold at Carlson Orchards. Together, these results demonstrate a requirement for Alk3 in distinct progenitor cell populations derived from the intermediate mesoderm.Noun Yoga can also help nip those first date-jitters in the bud-after all, Comaroto’s go-to advice for a first date? - Alyssa Girdwain, Women's Health, 17 Mar. Analysis of ALK3-dependent signaling effectors revealed lineage-specific reduction of phospho-p38 MAPK in metanephric mesenchyme and phospho-SMAD1/5/8 in the testis. Mutant mice are also characterized by defects in intermediate mesoderm-derived genital tissues with fewer mesonephric tubules and testicular Leydig cells, epithelial vacuolization in the postnatal corpus epididymis, and decreased serum testosterone levels and reduced fertility. These defects are preceded by a decreased contribution of Alk3-deleted cells to the metanephric blastema and reduced expression of Osr1 and SIX2, which mark nephron progenitor cells. Alk3-deficient mice exhibit simple renal hypoplasia characterized by decreases in both kidney size and nephron number but normal tissue architecture. Here, we define cell autonomous functions for Alk3 in the kidney and male gonad in mice with CRE-mediated Alk3 inactivation targeted to intermediate mesoderm progenitors (Alk3(IMP null)). The spatial and temporal expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and BMP4 and their cognate receptor, activin like kinase 3 (ALK3), suggests a functional role for BMP-ALK3 signaling during formation of intermediate mesoderm-derivative organs. The mammalian kidney and male reproductive system are both derived from the intermediate mesoderm. Differentially expressed genes (DE) not described earlier during murine tooth development Inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor 3 (Itpr3), metallothionein 1(Mt1), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), cathepsin D (Ctsd), keratin complex 2, basic, gene 6a (Krt2-6a), cofilin 1, non-muscle (Cfl1), cyclin 2 (Ccnd2), were verified by real-time RT-PCR. Bioinformatic analysis results for each time-point studied suggests that the main molecular functions associated with genes expressed at the early pre-natal stages (E12.5–E18.5) were cell cycle progression, cell morphology, lipid metabolism, cellular growth, proliferation, senescence and apoptosis, whereas most genes expressed at post-natal and secretory stages (P0–P7) were significantly associated with regulation of cell migration, biosynthesis, differentiation, oxidative stress, polarization and cell death. The remaining 2441 genes were subjected to further statistical analysis using a supervised procedure. Using ANOVA the microarray data yielded 4362 genes as being differentially expressed from the 11th embryonic day (E11.5) up to 7 days post-natal (P7), 1921 of these being genes without known functions. Differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05) were subjected to bioinformatic analysis to identify cellular activities significantly associated with these genes. Microarray data was validated using real-time RT-PCR. The levels of RNA species expressed during murine tooth development were mesured using a total of 58 deoxyoligonucleotide microarrays. The main objective of this study was to map global gene expression in order to provide information about the populations of mRNA species participating in murine tooth development at 24 h intervals, starting at the 11th embryonic day (E11.5) up to the 7th post-natal day (P7). ![]()
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